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Bird habitats - where a bird lives

Scotland has 37 habitat types, each habitat type houses different kinds of birds and other wildlife, some are better for birds than others although birds are quite adaptable.

Habitat consists of cover, shelter, water and space. These components are necessary for all living things to survive. Food is the material an animal takes in allowing it to perform life functions. Cover provides protection for animals, such as places they use to nest, hide, sleep and travel. All wildlife needs water.

Scotland has around 37 different habitat types: here are some of them described.

Wetlands, which are usually low-lying areas filled with water at least part of the year and can support water-loving plants. A variety of foods are available in wetlands including fish, frogs and aquatic plants. Shelter for birds living in wetlands may include natural vegetation or manmade structures.

Forests are classified by the main species of tree in the community, e.g. pine forests have mostly pine trees. They provide a variety of foods for resident and visiting birds. Fruits, berries, nuts, insects, worms, mice and small birds are all common foods for woodland birds. Birds live in the branches of trees and on the ground. Some birds live in holes in trees.

Moorland is a community of heathers, grasses and flowering plants. Moorland soils are very acidic and are very black in colour. Today, many of our remaining moorland areas are on the sides and tops of our mountains and upland hills. This habitat is important for many different kinds of birds, some which visit to breed and some that are resident all year round. Sadly in Scotland moorland is under threat from overuse and landowners must be very careful how these areas are managed and looked after to ensure that these habitats are not destroyed forever.

Cities and towns are also homes for birds. Parks, cemeteries, golf courses, ponds and garden areas all provide habitats for birds. Animals common to city areas tolerate humans. Some bird types have changed their lifestyles from wilderness areas and have adapted to living in our towns for their whole lives.